Mpimba Posted September 20, 2017 Report Share Posted September 20, 2017 • Risk of developing recurrent chest infection caused by encapsulated organisms such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. • Avascular necrosis (aseptic bone necrosis) of the hip may occur as a result of ischemia. • Priapism and infarction of the penis. • Osteomyelitis (bacterial bone infection) in individuals with sickle-cell disease is most frequently caused by Salmonella, whereas Staphylococcus is the most common causative organism in the general population. • Autosplenectomy, because of its narrow vessels and function in clearing defective red blood cells, the spleen is frequently affected. • It is usually infracted before the end of childhood in individuals suffering from sicklecell anaemia. • The severity of anaemia may induce high output failure, cardiomegaly, and flow murmurs. • Retinopathy, secondary to sequestration of blood in the conjunctival vessels, is marked by dilated and tortuous retinal vessels, microaneurysms, and retinal haemorrhage. • Cholelithiasis, particularly in patients older than 6 years, can occur due to chronic haemolysis. • Irreversible renal damage may progress to renal failure requiring transplantation. • Haematuria due to sickling in the vas recta or renal papillary necrosis is common. Patient Education • Patient's families should have genetic counselling and education regarding clinical manifestations associated with the disorder and its complications. • Reinforcement should occur incrementally during the course of ongoing care. • Families should be educated on the importance of hydration, diet, outpatient medications, and immunization protocol. • Patients should be instructed on proper splenic palpation and observation of pallor, jaundice, and fever. Ask any question.. Link to comment
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